准备数据

mysql> create table product_orders(id int,product varchar(255),amount int);

mysql> insert into product_orders(id, product, amount)
     values(1,'A',250),(2,'B',150),(3,'C',200),
     (4,'A',250),(5,'B',210),(6,'C',125),
     (7,'A',350),(8,'B',225),(9,'C',150);


mysql> select * from product_orders;
+------+---------+--------+
| id   | product | amount |
+------+---------+--------+
|    1 | A       |    250 |
|    2 | B       |    150 |
|    3 | C       |    200 |
|    4 | A       |    250 |
|    5 | B       |    210 |
|    6 | C       |    125 |
|    7 | A       |    350 |
|    8 | B       |    225 |
|    9 | C       |    150 |
+------+---------+--------+

首先，我们将使用以下SQL查询对组（product列）中的每一行进行排名。

mysql> SELECT id, product, amount,
            @product_rank := IF(@current_product = product, @product_rank + 1, 1) 
             AS product_rank,
            @current_product := product
       FROM product_orders
       ORDER BY product, amount desc;
+------+---------+--------+--------------+-----------------------------+
| id   | product | amount | product_rank | @current_product := product |
+------+---------+--------+--------------+-----------------------------+
|    7 | A       |    350 |            1 | A                           |
|    1 | A       |    250 |            2 | A                           |
|    4 | A       |    250 |            3 | A                           |
|    8 | B       |    225 |            1 | B                           |
|    5 | B       |    210 |            2 | B                           |
|    2 | B       |    150 |            3 | B                           |
|    3 | C       |    200 |            1 | C                           |
|    9 | C       |    150 |            2 | C                           |
|    6 | C       |    125 |            3 | C                           |
+------+---------+--------+--------------+-----------------------------+

在上述查询中，我们首先按amount列将其组中的每条记录按降序排序，然后对其进行排名。 如果要按amount的升序对其进行排序，可以通过更改ORDER by子句来实现。

SELECT id, product, amount, 
       @product_rank := IF(@current_product = product, @product_rank + 1, 1) 
       AS product_rank,
       @current_product := product 
  FROM product_orders
  ORDER BY product, amount asc;

接下来，我们将上述查询用作子查询，以选择每个组的前N行（例如，每个类别的前2行）。

如何选择每个组的前2行
这是使用上述方法为每个组选择前2行的SQL查询。 我们将上面的查询用作子查询，并选择等级小于或等于2的行。

mysql> select id, product, amount from (
         SELECT id, product, amount,
            @product_rank := IF(@current_product = product, @product_rank + 1, 1) 
             AS product_rank,
            @current_product := product
         FROM product_orders
         ORDER BY product, amount desc) ranked_rows
       where product_rank<=2;
+------+---------+--------+
| id   | product | amount |
+------+---------+--------+
|    7 | A       |    350 |
|    1 | A       |    250 |
|    8 | B       |    225 |
|    5 | B       |    210 |
|    3 | C       |    200 |
|    9 | C       |    150 |
+------+---------+--------+

如何选择每个组的前10行
同样，你可以使用以下查询从每个组中选择前10行。

mysql> select id, product, amount from (
         SELECT id, product, amount,
            @product_rank := IF(@current_product = product, @product_rank + 1, 1) 
             AS product_rank,
            @current_product := product
         FROM product_orders
         ORDER BY product, amount desc) ranked_rows
       where product_rank<=10;